From conventional methods to the application of Artificial intelligence: A milestone in the evolution of Vietnam’s judiciary

In the context of global digital transformation, enhancing the efficiency of judicial activities in Vietnam requires the integration of advanced technologies to overcome the limitations of traditional methods for case law retrieval and processing. This study analyzes the critical role of case law and judicial decisions in Vietnam's legal system while highlighting challenges such as inconsistency, time- consuming procedures, and the risk of errors in manual processes. To address these issues, this paper proposes a model for an intelligent judicial support system that seamlessly integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI), Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG), Big Data, and Cloud Computing. This system enables the automation of case law querying, cross-referencing, judgment drafting, and judicial trend analysis, reducing processing time by 60% through Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques combined with Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the deployment of AI in the judiciary raises concerns about security, data bias, transparency, and legal accountability. Therefore, solutions are needed to ensure fairness, information security, and the central role of human oversight. The development of a standardized and accurate legal database will be a decisive factor in the effective modernization of Vietnam's judiciary.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, judicial AI, case law, judgment, query, comparison, drafting, Judge, Court.

This paper was presented at the National Seminar titled 'Economics, Law, and Digital Technology Policy: Drivers of National Development in the Era of Rising Up', co-organized by the College of Economics, Law and Government (CELG) – a member of University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City (UEH) – and the Institute for Policy Studies and Media Development (IPS) on April 18, 2025.